In the market recently, incidents of foreign exchange platforms running away have occurred from time to time. Recently, it even broke the news about a platform that makes huanghuali varieties. I really don’t know where the data comes from, so many people are still deceived.
Maybe you feel that these scams are far away from you, maybe some of them happened around you, but they didn’t happen to you, so you still don’t understand, these scams may make you bankrupt if you are not careful. So, it's time to learn some financial knowledge to arm yourself.
What is finance?
The essence of finance is value circulation. To put it bluntly, as long as money is connected with asset allocation and time, there will be finance.
To make it easier for you to understand, let me give you an example:
Suppose there are three uncles, each with 10,000 yuan in their hands, but they are unwilling to put the money in the bank, and they don’t know how to use the money, so the uncles will fight on the lawn of the community The landlord, the loser pays 10,000 to the winner.
Regardless of who wins in the end, we call this process of winning or losing as gambling .
Later, an old man felt that he was unlucky, so he started to buy Banlangen at the pharmacy. Assuming that Banlangen cost 1 yuan a pack at that time, the uncle bought 10,000 packs, and then SARS happened. Experts said that drinking Banlangen can prevent SARS, so the price of Banlangen skyrocketed , It rose to 10 yuan per pack, and the uncle sold it all directly, earning 90,000.
Targeting the direction of the market is called investing .
Later, the aunts saw that Banlangen made so much money, and wanted to buy more Banlangen when it was still cheap, so they also went to buy Banlangen. They spent 10,000 yuan each to buy 10 yuan a pack of Banlangen, 10,000 yuan Bought a thousand packs and prepared to sell for more money in the future. Unexpectedly, when SARS is over, there are not many people buying Banlangen, so Banlangen will naturally drop down to 5 yuan a pack. Some aunts felt that something was wrong, so they sold it quickly and lost 5,000.
This is called selling stop loss .
But another part of aunts firmly believes that the price of Banlangen will rise back, so they insist on holding Banlangen.
This is called following the trend and investors are trapped.
Suddenly one day, a handsome guy came to the door, and the handsome guy said to the old men, "You give me 10,000 yuan, and I will return the 10,000 yuan to you in a year, and I will pay you extra. 10% interest, it’s useless for you to hold it anyway, why not give it to me.” So the three uncles gave the handsome guy the 10,000 yuan in their hands.
A year later, the handsome guy returned the 10,000 yuan and the agreed interest to the uncle according to the prior agreement, and the uncles were very happy.
This is financing .
So here comes the question, why can the handsome guy give the uncle 10% interest after one year? It turned out to be like this, the handsome guy said that I found 10,000 uncles, and each of them got 10,000, so there would be 100 million. Then there was an uncle who wanted to open a bicycle factory, but he didn’t have enough funds, so the uncle asked the handsome guy to borrow money, and he borrowed 50 million, and he would pay another 20% interest after one year. After a lot of understanding, the handsome guy felt that the uncle was quite reliable, so he lent the money to the uncle, and even borrowed two such uncles.
In one year, the uncle's bicycle was very easy to sell, so he doubled the money, 20% plus the capital, and returned it to the handsome guy, who then took the money and returned it to the uncle. I have 80% left, the uncle has 40 million, the handsome guy has earned 10 million, and the uncle has earned 1,000 yuan.
The bicycles produced have also become GDP and promoted economic development. The uncle felt that he was making a lot of money, so he gave the money to the handsome guy, and the handsome guy loaned the money to the bicycle maker, and the handsome guy made money back to the handsome guy, and the handsome guy returned it to the uncle. Make a lot of bikes.
This is called economic development .
This series of operations constitutes banking finance .
The handsome guy is the bank , the uncle is the depositor , and the uncle is the financing company . The uncle gives the money to the handsome guy as a deposit , and the handsome guy gives the money to the uncle as a loan .
The story is not over yet:
One day, the handsome guy lent part of the borrowed money to an uncle who made leather shoes in Wenzhou, and the other part to an uncle who made padded jackets in Northeast China. A year has passed, and the uncles not only did not make any money, but also lost all their money, so the money will definitely not be paid back in a while. So the handsome guy had no choice but to take back the leather shoes and padded jacket made by the uncle. After the cheapness was processed, he only got back 50 million, so he paid 50 million for himself, and put all the money he earned in five years into it. .
This is called bank bad debt .
Later, a dick followed the example of the handsome guy, and first borrowed money from the uncle, which was 100 million yuan, but later found that no one asked him to borrow money to start a factory to produce bicycles. But the old man still has to pay back the money, what should I do? After one year, the 100 million borrowed is still 100 million, and I can’t pay back the 110 million. So this dick got a bad idea and went to find a new aunt to borrow money. , It’s also 10,000 per person. Diaosi told the aunt that they would pay back 11,000 in one year, and then Diaosi used the money from the aunt to return it to the uncle.
Seeing that Diaosi paid back the money, the uncle believed Diaosi. So the uncle continued to lend money to Diaosi, and at the end of the second year, Diaosi took the money from the uncle and returned it to the aunt. Seeing that there was money to be made, the aunt gave the money to Diaosi again. Diaosi like this demolishes the east wall to pay the west wall, and also eats and drinks the borrowed money. After a while, more and more people give him money. Then one day, I found out that there were no newcomers, and it was the old people who continued to lend money to diaosi. Diaosi realized something was wrong and this trick was useless, so he hurried out of the country with all the money in his hands.
This is the hottest Ponzi scheme , the dicks are the fundraisers , and the grandparents are the investors .
Later, a beautiful woman came. This beautiful woman found that there were too many people in this industry and it was difficult to mix. Then she had a new idea. She observed it and found that, on average, every 30 years, 10 of the 100 uncles in their community would die. She ran to the uncle and said, you give me 10,000, and if you die, I will give you 100,000 each, but if you die in the second year, I will give you 110,000, and if you die in the third year, I will give you 11*11,000. In the fourth year, 11*1.1^20,000, if the uncle thinks about it, not only is it guaranteed, but the money can also increase. The beauty took the money and lent it to the uncle who produced the bicycle, with 20% interest a year, and after a year, the beauty made a lot of money.
This is a life insurance company .
Later, the uncle who produced bicycles figured out the routine and found that you only borrowed money at 10% interest. Why should I ask you to borrow 20%? Give you 15% a year. The uncle thought about it, it was more than handsome men and beautiful women, so he gave the uncle money, and the uncle really gave the uncle 15% a year.
This is called a corporate bond .
The old men found out that they made more money than lending to handsome guys, so they started to invest money in the old men. The old men who made leather shoes in Wenzhou also asked the old men for financing after knowing about it. As a result, they couldn’t make any money from leather shoes every year, and they still lost money. , and later, the company went bankrupt, and the men lost a penny. The uncle is very regretful. Although handsome men and beautiful women don't give much, they are all rich second generations. If there is no money, the parents will take care of it, and the uncle's loss will be gone.
This is called risk .
Later, more and more people did this, and the community property management said that you should not contact yourself, it is very troublesome. How about I set up a bazaar, where companies that want financing come to the bazaar to give you a stall, and those who have spare money come to the bazaar to look around and compare. I also stipulate that the money you invest in the enterprise can also be traded with each other, so a complete system has been formed.
This is the stock market .
There are more and more transactions in the bazaars in the community, and there is always a queue for one counter, so a trading counter was set up in the east, west, north and south.
This counter is a securities company .
Later, the uncles discovered that not only the shares of the company can be sold, but also the things can be sold. So I told the old men that our bicycles should be sold in the market trade market. Now let’s sign a contract first. After three months, I will give you the bicycle, and you will give me the money according to the contract you signed now. If the price of bicycles increases, you will earn money. It makes sense when I think about it, the price of bicycles is increasing now. So I signed it.
This is futures .
To be continued...
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